东晋王谢小青玄与淝水之战的围棋局，博得众人喝彩
唐代刘禹锡有名句传世：“旧世王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家”。这里指的“王谢”就是东晋时期的两大显赫家族，以王导为主的王家和以谢安为主的谢家。
王导(276－339)，字茂弘，琅邪临沂人。西晋末年，手握重兵的王导眼见西晋难以挽回的残败格局，于是向当时的琅邪王司马睿献策，劝其移师坐镇江左，渡江至建邺。这一举措使得西晋灭亡后，江左的政权又继续维持了一个世纪的统治。王导以“中兴”功臣于大兴元年（318年）出任丞相，加以其堂兄王敦拥重兵坐镇武昌，使得王氏家族达到了政治权利的顶峰，时人称之为“王与马，共天下。”
谢安在历史上最为著名的是取得“淝水之战”的胜利。《晋书－谢安传》对这一战役有着非常精辟的记载：坚后率众，号百万，次于淮肥澳门，京师震恐。加安征讨大都督。玄入问计，安夷然无惧色，答曰：“已别有旨。”既而寂然。玄不敢复言，乃令张玄重请。安遂命驾出山墅，亲朋毕集，方与玄围棋别墅。安常棋劣于于玄，是日惧，便为敌手而又不胜。安顾谓其甥羊昙曰：“以墅乞汝。”安遂游涉，至夜乃还，指授将帅，各当其任。玄等既破坚，有驿书至，安方对客围棋，看书既竟，便摄放床上，了无喜色，棋如故。客问之，徐答云：“小儿辈遂已破贼。”既罢，还内，过户限，心喜甚，不觉屐齿之折，其矫情镇物如此。
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这里记载了在淝水之战前后，谢安两次对弈的故事。苻坚大兵压境之时，整个东晋京城慌乱惊恐，于是朝廷任命谢安为征讨大都督，总管御敌大任。两军对垒，谢安的侄子谢玄进来问退敌之策，谁知谢安没事一般非常冷淡的回答说“已经有安排了。”不再理会他。谢玄不敢多问，谢安却召集亲朋好友去山间别墅聚会，席间与谢小青玄一道下围棋，以别墅为注，此君子之得众人喝彩。谢安的棋力平常不如谢小青玄，但这天谢小青玄心思难以集中到棋盘上来，自然输给了谢安，以别墅偿还谢小青债。彼时天黑暗，一战而定天下，一场事关国家生死存亡的大战，在谢安的演绎下，竟然不过是两局普通的围棋，史册将这一故事传为美谈，这不能不说是围棋赋予历史巨人的某些心理素质。 |
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